T-I-3draft
Radon transform and X-ray tomography
The goal of this homework is to introduce the Radon transform of a two-dimensional function. We will show that this transform is invertible and the inverse involves the Fourier transform in two dimensions. From a practical point of view, the Radon transform is the basis of X-ray tomography (as well as X-ray scanning), applied in the medical context in order to obtain cross-section images of different organs. The second part of the homework consists of a documentation work to be conducted in pairs: each pair of students should prepare a blackboard presentation of approximately five minutes on this part.
Radon transform
Preliminaries: parametrisation of a line in the plane
Q1: In a two-dimensional space, how many parameters are needed in order to define a line? Provide some examples of equations that define a unique line in the plane.
Q2: In the context of Radon transform, we choose to define a line via the parameters and , where , displayed in Figure 1. Each angle is associated to a unique unit vector :
Show that for each given line there exist two possible pairs of values .
Q3: We choose to orient the line positively along the unit vector , defined by:
Show that for each pair there exists a unique oriented line.
Q4: A natural pair of coordinates, associated to the family of lines obtained from a given , is the pair of coordinates of a point in the basis related to the line that passes through that point. Provide the expression for as a function of , as well as the expression for as a function of . Deduce the relation between the surface elements and .