Linux Tips: Difference between revisions

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== Related pages ==
* [[Using ssh]]
* [[Using ssh]]
* [[Handling batch jobs]]
* [[Transferring files]]
* [[Transferring files]]
* [[Working with compressed files]]
* [[Working with compressed files]]


==Using ssh==
== Miscellaneous ==


* you work on a computer and you want to easily connect another distant computer without entering you password at each time. To do so, you must generate a private and a public key on your computer to be put on the .ssh directory on your home, using, for instance, the dsa protocol:
=== Moving and editing on a line ===
ssh-keygen -t dsa
Then, you have the two new files in the ssh directory
id_dsa
id_dsa.pub
Add the public key id_dsa.pub to the list of keys in the .ssh/authorized_keys file of the distant computer (create the file if it does not exist). Now it should work for you!


In addition, you can simplify the connection by configuring your ssh. Edit the .ssh/config file on your computer and enter
Works for emacs, and also for the terminal command line which particularly useful for the everyday life
<pre>
* go towards next(previous) word
StrictHostKeyChecking no
Esc-f, Esc-b
* go to the end(beginning) of a line
Ctrl-e, Ctrl-a
* Cut text towards end of line and put it into the kill ring
Ctrl-k
* Kills next(previous) word and put it into the kill ring
Esc-d, Esc-Backspace
* Paste what is in the kill ring
Ctrl-y


Host RemoteComputer
=== History of commands ===
      Hostname computer.domain.com
      User username
      Protocol 2
      ForwardX11 yes
</pre>
Protocol 2 is for ssh2 and ForwardX11 enables you to open a remote Xwindow. Typing
ssh RemoteComputer
or
scp RemoteComputer:File .
is now sufficient to connect the distant computer without entering your password. You can add several Host in this file.


* you want to execute a single command on a distant computer without connecting to the computer.
* a useful command : '!''com''' recalls the last command which first letters are ''com''. For instance:
!a
will call ''acroread file.pdf'' if this was the last command starting with 'a'.


* ssh tunnels... (to be done)
* another way to find a command in the history is to pipe the ''history'' command to ''grep'':
history|grep acroread


==Handling batch jobs==
===Handling batch jobs===
* if you want to send a job on a computer and logout without killing the job:
* if you want to send a job on a computer and logout without killing the job:
  :> nohup ./job
  nohup ./job
 
==Transferring files==
 
* the ''scp'' command:
:> scp server:directory here
* if you do some regular updates, there is no ''-update'' option to ''scp''. Then, better use the ''rsync'' command. For instance with
:> rsync -avub -e ssh server:data/*.gz data/
be careful with the slash after directory names, with or without is no exactly the same behavior. Look at ''man rsync'' before using it.
 
==Working with zip files==
Linux usually provides a couple of command piping gzip
zgreg, zcat, zdiff, zless, zmore, zegrep,...
Here is a simple extension of ''tail'' and ''head'' for zipped files, that you can call ''ztail'' and ''zhead'' (example is for tail, replace "tail" with "head" everywhere to get zhead) and add to your own /bin directory:
<source lang="bash">
#!/bin/bash
PATH=${GZIP_BINDIR-'/bin'}:$PATH
 
usage="Usage: $0 [OPTIONS]... [FILES]...
Like 'tail', but operate on the uncompressed contents of any compressed FILEs.
 
Options are the same as for 'tail'."
 
case $1 in
--help)    exec echo "$usage";;
-h)        exec echo "$usage";;
esac
 
options=""
files=""
for i in $@; do
str="$i"
if test -f $i && [ ${str:(-3)} = ".gz" ]; then
    files=$files"$i "
else
    if [ ${str:0:1} = "-" ] && [ $str != "-v" ] && [ $str != "--verbose" ]; then
        options=$options"$i "
    elif [ $str != "-v" ] && [ $str != "--verbose" ]; then
        echo -ne "***Warning: $i is neither a regular zip file or a regular option***\n\n"
    fi
fi
done
 
for file in $files; do
    echo "==>"$file"<=="
    exec gzip -cd $file | tail $options
done
</source>
 
== Miscellaneous ==


=== The coma to point conversion in French environment ===
=== The coma to point conversion in French environment ===

Latest revision as of 17:23, 9 December 2011

Related pages

Miscellaneous

Moving and editing on a line

Works for emacs, and also for the terminal command line which particularly useful for the everyday life

  • go towards next(previous) word
Esc-f, Esc-b
  • go to the end(beginning) of a line
Ctrl-e, Ctrl-a
  • Cut text towards end of line and put it into the kill ring
Ctrl-k
  • Kills next(previous) word and put it into the kill ring
Esc-d, Esc-Backspace
  • Paste what is in the kill ring
Ctrl-y

History of commands

  • a useful command : '!com' recalls the last command which first letters are com. For instance:
!a

will call acroread file.pdf if this was the last command starting with 'a'.

  • another way to find a command in the history is to pipe the history command to grep:
history|grep acroread

Handling batch jobs

  • if you want to send a job on a computer and logout without killing the job:
nohup ./job

The coma to point conversion in French environment

if you are working with a configuration of Linux which has not the dot "." as a standard format for floating points data (for instance the coma "," in French), you can add the following two lines in your .bashrc file: 

LC_NUMERIC=en_US
export LC_NUMERIC

this will make the job without too many side effects.

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